In August 1992, President George Bush Sr. sent U.S. soldiers to Somalia to provide humanitarian aid to starving Somalis. The biggest problems in Somalia began when President Mohammed Siad Barre was overthrown by a coalition of opposing clans. Although there were several opposing groups, the most prominent one was led by Mohammed Farah Aidid. After the fall of Barre, a massive power struggle ensued. These small-scale civil wars led to the destruction of agriculture in Somalia, which in turn led to food deprivation across much of the country. When the international community learned of this, large quantities of food were sent to ease Somalia's suffering. However, clan leaders like Aidid routinely seized food and exchanged it for weapons, leaving thousands of people to starve. An estimated 300,000 Somalis died between 1991 and 1992 (Clancy 234-236). American soldiers were later sent to Somalia to capture Aidid, but when the operation became bloody, displeasing the American public, Clinton withdrew the troops (Battersby 151). In The Morality of War, Brian Orend outlines the ethical guidelines that should be followed in all three phases of war: jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and jus post bellum. Orend states that a nation can be moral when it enters war, but immoral when it leaves it. Has the United States acted justly in all aspects of the Somali conflict? The United States embraced all the guiding principles of jus ad bellum but right intent, upheld the principles of jus in bello, and clearly failed to uphold several aspects of jus post bellum during the armed humanitarian intervention in Somalia. Jus ad bellum is defined as “war justice” and is recognized as the ethic that leads to war (Orend 31). Orend argues that a… medium of paper… is intended to meet the standards of jus post bellum. This is evident when you look at Somalia today. Somalia still lacks a strong central government and several thousand, if not millions, of Somalis are at risk of starving to death due to drought. Again, the United States entered the conflict by failing to adhere to all the principles of jus ad bellum, espousing the principles of jus in bello, and not adequately respecting those of jus post bellum. The United States entered the war as an unjust nation and left the conflict rather unjustly. As a result, more than two decades later, Somalia is facing difficulties with no sign of a hasty recovery. Even worse, with the persistent problem and international debt crisis, few countries are willing to intervene in Africa to find a solution. How long will the world let the Somali people starve and what will be the task of intervening if America is not willing??
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