(Ke E 10,11) Explain, using a diagram, the use of fractional distillation in an oil refinery. How this method is used to contribute to the production of chemical-technical products (fuels, solvents, etc.). Due to different boiling points, substances in crude oil can be separated if/using fractional distillation. Crude oil is crushed and its vapor condenses at different temperatures in the fractionation column. Each fraction contains hydrocarbon molecules with a very similar number of carbon atoms. (Ke C 10,11) Refineries often use cracking to produce chemicals from petroleum that can be useful precursors. It explains why we need to "crack" long-chain hydrocarbons instead of using the products of fractional distillation directly when we produce plastic, by breaking it we can transform the long-chain molecules into shorter, more usable molecules. Always make short chain composites, for example ethene and propene which have a double bond between the carbon atoms. The double bonds reactivate these composites, so they can be used as “New” plastics. If using the cracking method will help us to produce/produce plastic, if we have a long chain molecule we will not be able to add more atoms, but cracking the molecule will break it down into small parts and help us take the small/broken parts and add more atoms. Describe in detail the production of a typical plastic such as high-density polyethylene or PVC. from cracking to monomer and polymer. To make PVC (polyvinyl chloride) you need to start from the beginning by breaking hydrocarbon molecules into monomers which are both double bonds. PVC is a used plastic that contains hydrogen, chlorine and carbon. We “started” with the polymerization method. This is a... medium of paper... red with mud and silt. Silt and mud settle into rocks leaving organic matter trapped between the rock layers. As more silt and mud is deposited, more layers of rock are added to the layer of organic matter. The extra weight of the rocks and the heating of the organic material underground help to expel water that contains oxygen. Then the oil rises up through the porous rocks until it hits a non-porous rock and remains there to be collected. So to extract the oil we then have to use a drill to find the oil, and to find the oil on the ocean we use the same concept and use a drilling rig to extract the oil. So to extract the oil we usually pump in steam, the steam then pushes the oil out of the ground. But there are places that are very cold and there is oil in the ground, so we have to pump hot steam to make the oil actually come out.