Topic > M. Butterfly - 1667

At the end of the play M. Butterfly, an imprisoned French diplomat turned spy named Gallimard, says, "There is a vision of the East that I have" (Hwang 3.3.7). At that moment he is implying that there are still beautiful women, as he thought his "Butterfly" was. This is indicative of the colonial charm. Colonization is made possible by one society characterizing another in a way that makes it seem like a good idea. The characterization of these cultures, such as the East or Africa, is carried out through literature, works of art and theater. Of course, plays, poems, books, and short stories are just some of the ways used to convince the masses of a modern nation of the justification for colonizing. If you want to rebel against colonization, you should entrust corruption to the colonizer in order to support liberation. This approach seems to be accepted in the theater, where there are two excellent illustrations of postcolonial literature, M. Butterfly by David Henry Hwang and A Tempest by Aime Cesaire. Both operas are reworked versions of Puccini's operas Madame Butterfly and Shakespeare's The Tempest, and retain similar characters and basic plots. The works of Shakespeare and Puccini created symbols of other cultures. Caliban is the black devil and Cio-Cio San is the shy and beautiful "Butterfly". These symbols have become stereotypes in Western culture and have been the justification for colonization. To contrast these works with the idea of ​​colonization, Cesaire and Hwang must significantly alter their content. They do, but they also imitate the styles of the original versions. A Tempest is written in modern English and Shakespeare's songs are replaced with Slavic melodies. Hwang dr...... in the middle of the paper....... And in the imagination I will remain” (Hwang 2.2.137-138) The song ends up winning in the end by reversing the roles and possessing the power. The only real effect of the victory is Gallimard's suicide, which appears to hurt Song. The inconclusiveness of both these endings may be the result of the unknown quality of the postcolonial world. Colonization forces us to endure and incorporate the unknown and unwanted. What follows cannot be a simple return to native customs. Whatever society emerges, it will be a combination of the old and the new, free to follow its own path. Our world is made up of the stories that are told. The Tempest and Madame Butterfly created characters that became symbols of entire cultures. These symbols are present in M. Butterfly and A Tempest, showing us how the underlying issues might appear different, but never really change.