The ideas of Charles-Louis Baron de Montesquieu, Francois-Marie Arouet de Voltaire and Jean Jacque Rousseau were the "bibles" of both the aristocratic and plebeian worlds. Charles-Louis Baron de Montesquieu was a great political philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, who began with the belief that kings were evil and that their time was short. He also suggests that the nobility preserve the monarchical regime. He also had views on taxation, equality and the division of power which gave him influence in 1789. Some see Montesquieu's book “The Spirit of the Laws” as a criticism of royal power, or the vision of a new reform. Francois-Marie Arouet de Voltaire was a writer, historian and a famous philosopher. Many of Voltaire's essays contain great criticism of the Catholic Church; he saw religion as a power essential to public morality. Jean Jacque Rousseau was a philosopher, writer and composer. He criticizes the Old Regime and the monarchy and in his book “The Second Discourse on the Origins of Inequality” argues that the tyrant monarch could be driven out because of his subjects. In his book “Social Contract”, he developed the idea that people attribute their sovereignty to the king. Rousseau's writings had shaped the political thought of Maximilien Robespierre, a member of the Estates General and the Jacobin Club. James Miller, an American literary critic, points out that Rousseau's ideas had a concept of democracy. The foundation of the coming revolution, the bourgeoisie took inspiration from Enlightenment thinkers such as Burke and Tocqueville – those who saw the weakness of the “old regime”. Alexis de Tocqueville, being an aristocrat, had another point of view. Indeed, he suggests that the French Revolution was conceived by most civilized men, but carried forward by the ruder class. His opinion is based on the “administrative revolution” of Louis XVI. However, Tocqueville believes that the reform was an opening to