Parkinson's disease is a chronic progressive neurological disorder in which brain cells are slowly lost over years. The fact that cells are lost makes it a neurodegenerative disease that falls into the same category as Alzheimer's disease. A person with Parkinson's disease may also experience a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms, including depression, constipation, sleep problems (insomnia), loss of smell (anosmia), and memory problems. ()The three main symptoms of Parkinson's disease are:- Tremor (involuntary shaking of particular body parts)- Slow movement (bradykinesia)- Stiff and inflexible muscles ()Parkinson's disease usually develops later in life, commonly between the ages of 40 and 80, but also occurs in younger and older individuals. Unfortunately, there is currently no definitive cure or therapy that has been shown to slow the progression or prevent the disease. Levadopa is the most standard treatment for neurological diseases, almost all patients have shown signs of improvement when Levadopa is used. Parkinson's disease affects many areas of the brain, this is because different types of cells degenerate and many different systems are affected. The various chemical systems affected in the brain are: Substancia Negra, Locus Cereleus, Raphe Nuclei, Ventral Tegmental Area and Nuclues Basalus. () The area most affected by Parkinson's disease is the Substancia Negra. Cells in this part of the brain produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. Typically about 50% of dopamine-producing cells have degenerated before the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease begin. The dopamine released in the Substancia Negra is released physiologically in order to… half of the paper… lost in Parkinson's. Levodopa is given with benserazide or carbidopa, to ensure it can enter the brain more efficiently. Benserazide plus levodopa is known as co-beneldopa. Carbidopa plus levodopa is known as co-careldopa. Branded and unbranded forms of levodopa are available. These include:- co-beneldopa (Madopar, Madopar CR)- co-careldopa (Caramet CR, Duodopa, Sinemet, Sinemet Plus, Sinemet CR, Half Sinemet CR, Lecado, unbranded form)- co-careldopa plus entacapone (Stalevo) Although the main treatment for Parkinson's disease is medications, there are some types of surgery available to treat the symptoms of the disease, generally it is only used to treat people who have had Parkinson's disease for some time and whose symptoms are not managed effectively by medications. The main types of surgery for Parkinson's are: - Deep brain stimulation - Lesion techniques