David Hume's “Analects on Natural Religion” offers arguments for the existence of God from three different perspectives. Cleanthes, a student of natural theology, offers the infamous design argument. Demea, priest and fideist, does not like this theory because it presupposes that God has properties similar to human ones; the theory suggests anthropomorphism. Philo, an empiricist and leading voice of Hume himself, opposes this theory because he sees logical flaws. Although Philo and Demea both disagree with the design argument, it is clear that their methods of refutation differ significantly. Cleanthes, who argues that the study of the natural world will bring us closer to understanding God, offers the argument from design. The theory compares the complexity of technology to that of the universe. Just as a clock, for example, must have a creator, so must the universe. In other words, since there is no technology that is not built by humans, and it is not the case that a piece of technology is created completely by chance, the universe, a creation far greater in complexity, must have a creator. He argues that, upon closer examination of nature, further evidence can be seen that God's intelligence is very similar to human intelligence, albeit in a more perfect form. This theory is Cleanthes' effort to demonstrate that religion and the existence of God can be based on reason. Demea is the first to respond to the argument starting from the drawing. He states that he attributes to God properties too similar to human ones and that there is no “a priori evidence” (Hume 15). Often called a mystic, especially by Philo, he holds that humans cannot know anything about God and that it is God's very nature to be "unknown and unintelligible" (Hume 17). Even a student of revelation... middle of paper... between fish and aquatic mammals, for example, may lead one to assume that they are similar but in reality differ on a fundamental level. Dolphins surface for oxygen intake while fish have gills that facilitate the transfer of oxygen into the water. While Hume's goal may not have been the total denial of God's existence, "Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion" is nevertheless a radical response to the design argument that has instilled doubt in many. people. I believe that Hume aimed more at criticizing the assumptions of the church rather than revolutionizing people's religious ideals. The very same assumptions that the Church believed to be true about the nature of God led it to discriminate against and declare war on many other harmless peoples, such as the natives of South America. Perhaps Hume, accused of being an atheist, was tired of the hypocritical injustices committed by the Church.
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