The CIPD (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development) states that; There are numerous types of fraud that can be perpetrated by staff against their employer. Depending on the nature of the business and the products and services offered, staff members may have many opportunities to commit fraud. Every business and organization will have its own particular risks and threats and there are additional threats that emerge in relation to job role, responsibility and seniority. Fraudulent activities can range from compromising customer data or payroll to simple theft or presenting inflated expenses. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay Personal fraud may have an “opportunistic” element in that it is generally undertaken on an unplanned basis by an individual for the purpose of personal financial gain, or it may be linked to a serious, organized criminal network or terrorist financing. These are frauds committed by staff members of corporate entities (employees and managers). They include but are not limited to: Unethical practices to seduce customers to improve market share; this is usually done where staff are asked to achieve some unrealistic targets. This happened during Professor Charles Soludu's regime as central bank governor, all in the name of achieving savings targets by female bank staff. His intervention therefore reduces the conversion of some female bank staff into prostitutes. Illegal conversion of ownership of company assets, this can happen with the help of improper registration and allocation of assets. Deliberate write-off of performing debts is usually committed by management staff with sometimes collusion with other staff and customers. Illegal occupation of accommodation and staff quarters, usually occurs when staff occupying accommodation in one location are transferred to another location and possibly given other official accommodation. This type of fraud usually hasn't happened for a long time. Unauthorized occupation of housing intended for higher-ranking officials, usually carried out to benefit certain favorites within a business entity. For stays abroad during trips at personal or business expense. Trust Nigerians, some people who take one or two training courses abroad usually don't get sick until about a few days after they return to Nigeria. Conversion of private expenditure into official expenditure. A common example includes converting hotels and entertainment of family and friends into official expenses. Excessive controls to cover up some fraud or favor some parties. Wages and salaries ranging from phantom staff, unauthorized allowances, overstatement of overtime, failure to deduct loans and advances, failure to deduct approved dues, payment of excess wages, etc. Teeming and Loading: Using proceeds from the future to cover the present. (usually refers to robbing Peter to pay Paul).Skimming: Intercepting cash payments before posting/suppressing receipts by failure to issue.Cash Theft: Stealing cash after posting.Overbilling: Deliberately accepting quotations of excessive pricing of the local purchase order. Duplication of invoices for payments: This occurs especially where payment authorizations are decentralized. Collusion with customers and suppliers: acceptance of inferior or inferior quality of.