IndexIntroductionGlobal poverty trendsPoverty in EuropePoverty in AfricaPoverty in KenyaCauses of povertyLack/poor educationFeminizationLow economic growth performanceDiseasesInequalityEffects/impacts of poverty on the familyDivorce/separationStress/DepressionEmotional and physical well-being of childrenManagement and controlGovernments should propose initiatives to alleviate povertyEducate families and equip them with technical skillsConclusionIntroductionThe dominant Western definition since World War II has defined poverty in monetary terms, using levels of income or consumption to measure poverty. Poverty can be defined in various dimensions depending on the circumstances in which it is explained. It can mean that families do not have sufficient resources or income and, in an extreme context, it can refer to the lack of basic human needs such as clean water, food, clothing and sanitation. According to the United Nations Human Development Report, poverty is defined as a complex phenomenon that generally refers to the inadequacy of resources and the deprivation of choices that would allow people to enjoy dignified living conditions. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay According to the World Bank, it outlines poverty as a marked deprivation of well-being and includes various factors. People living in poverty may have low incomes and therefore be unable to purchase basic goods and services needed to survive with dignity. Poverty leads the poor to low levels of health and education, lack of clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient skills and opportunities to improve their lives. To discuss the topic of poverty, this essay analyzes the global trends, causes, effects and management of poverty. Global Poverty TrendsPoverty in EuropeAccording to research conducted in London by Social Research and Planning in April 2008, it was found that child poverty is not independent of family poverty. Financial stress experienced by families living on low incomes has contributed to a doubling of the number of children served by the Children's Aid Society (CAS) – nearly double the number of children admitted to CAS care in 2001 were living in low-income families compared to 1995 The low income rate of families is lower than that of individuals: 13% of London's economic families live on a low income. This rate is consistent with the national average and one percentage point higher than Ontario's rate (12%). In 2001, there were 7,965 families with children under the age of 18 living on a low income. One in six (15%) of London's working-age families live on a low income. This value is higher than both the provincial and national averages (13% and 14% respectively). Low income rates vary by family type. Single-parent families, unattached singles, and unattached seniors have higher rates of low income than other family types. Families with children have higher rates of low income than families without children: 11% of couples with children have a low income and 47% of single parents live on a low income. Families with children make up 68% of all low-income families. Poverty in Africa The latest estimates from the World Bank suggest that the percentage of Africa's population in extreme poverty has declined from 56% in 1990 to 43% in 2012. At the same time, however, Africa's population has continued to expand rapidly.As a result, the number of people living in extreme poverty has nevertheless increased by more than 100 million. These are staggering numbers. Furthermore, the world's extreme poor are expected to be increasingly concentrated in Africa. With the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals, including the eradication of extreme poverty by 2030, the effective implementation of the post-2015 development agenda will improve, requiring a solid understanding of poverty and inequality in the region, across different countries and groups of population and in different dimensions. Poverty in Kenya Poverty was widespread and remained pervasive in Kenya. According to KIHBS 2005/6 estimates, the rural poverty rate is estimated at 49.1% and 33.7% in urban areas. The Welfare Monitoring Survey III shows that rural poverty was at 52.93% and urban poverty at 49.2%. The Kenyan economy has recovered from a low growth of 0.5% in 2003 to 7% in 2007. Despite the achievements towards economic growth; Rural poverty rates have remained high over the years. Rural families have been notable for their inability to engage in profitable ventures. They have poor nutrition, low health standards and low productivity. Their incomes are also characterized by seasonal fluctuations. Households in these areas have limited access to markets and service institutions such as lenders, extensions and plant protection products. In Kenya 65% of the population lives in rural areas and depends on agriculture. However, agricultural productivity remained low. Productivity has been poor due to erratic rainfall and other challenges farmers face. Statistics show that poverty has been higher in some regions than others. Furthermore, poverty rates remained persistently high in rural areas. According to the KIHBS, Busia County is among the poorest counties in Kenya with a poverty rate of 69.8%. The county is endowed with resources and has untapped potential in trade, agriculture, tourism, fishing and commercial business. The county has the highest poverty level in the Western Province. Causes of poverty Lack/poor education Education is the basis of everything in this world; therefore lack or inadequate education can lead to poverty, mainly because families and individuals lack essential knowledge that could be used for their growth and development to improve their standard of living. This leads to a lack of professional and technical skills. Large numbers of adults lack basic literacy and numeracy skills, leaving them at a serious disadvantage when it comes to finding paid work. Feminization According to Moghadam, refers to the increase in female-headed households What has contributed to an increase in poverty among women is mainly due to their heavier workload and low incomes, as well as constraints on socioeconomic mobility due to barriers cultural, legal and labor market. Poor economic growth Economic growth is a necessity for poverty reduction. In developing countries like Nigeria, employment-generating, export-based growth is desirable in order to achieve poverty-reducing growth with equity. Although the economic performance of the world's countries has generally been very volatile since the early 1980s, overall growth rates have been low or negative, with overall declines in several countries. This is partly due to external shocks such as adverse changes in the terms of trade of different countries, changes in global demand for exports, and changes in global interest rates on the external debt of developing countries. Everyonethese are probably responsible for the increase in the level of poverty in various countries around the world. Extensive evidence links the importance of economic growth to poverty reduction. Diseases Good health is fundamental to human well-being and a fundamental goal of social and economic development. Poor health hampers human capital, reduces returns to learning, hinders entrepreneurial activities, and slows economic growth and development. Diseases cause poverty and vice versa. In most countries of the world the main diseases causing poverty are malaria, HIV/AIDS and other infections/diseases. When families are faced with illness and disease, the financial situation of the family will worsen as there will be a lot of expenses that will be spent on treatment, and the development and growth of the family will be in danger. Inequality Culturally both men and women are not treated equally as men are the providers of the families and women are the caregivers of the family. Due to this women are not provided the platform like being equipped with education and technical training to find ways that generate income or even join jobs to get a second source of income stream other than the man of the family. Therefore, when the head of the family loses his job, the family will have to put up with it until the man finds another job. This basically means that the family will not have a source of income to help them get through that stage and this will automatically lead to poverty if the breadwinner of the family does not get a job or a source of income. Effects/impacts of poverty on the familyDivorce/separationAspects such as divorce and separation can occur when the family institution is faced with poverty. Because the family is unable to achieve its goals. Since it is mostly men who bring bread to the family, it becomes difficult when they are not able to provide for the growth of tension in the family, so in most cases due to the greater difficulties and dysfunctions caused by poverty women ask for divorce or separation therefore that they can find other alternatives such as marrying rich men who can provide for their needs. Stress/Depression Families with inadequate income flow usually have difficulty meeting basic needs, thus resulting in harmful effects of poverty on parents and children. from the stress that comes with having very little income, hence the constant juggling of finances, and the feeling of being different and less useful than others. In the long term, when it persists for a long time, it causes depression. Depression forces the individual to resort to alcohol and other drugs to relieve the pain, which then results in a ripple effect as various other new problems will emerge such as domestic violence and child abuse among others atrocious acts. Emotional and physical well-being of children Poverty is an element that greatly affects children both emotionally and physically. Emotionally as it will be difficult for children to maintain their social relationships such as friends at school and their neighborhood which leads to children having low self-esteem. The reason they can't blend in with everyone is that they can't stay up to date with the current fashion their friends are wearing. Additionally, these children may not be able to attend gatherings at school or in the neighborhood as they will be teased and ridiculed by other affluent peers because of the way they dress. As for physical appearance, parents are not able to feed the child as they should due to financial constraints, so the child is likely to miss.