The nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system and the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. The functional unit of the nervous system is a neuron. It is estimated that 100 billion neurons reside in the brain, and some neurons make between 10,000 and 100,000 connections with other cells! A particular class of neurons, mirror neurons are activated both when the individual performs a motor action and when he observes another individual performing the same or similar action. These mirror neurons were discovered by neurophysiologists in the 1990s at the University of Parma, Italy. Using macaque monkeys, these researchers found that neurons in the rostral part of the inferior premotor cortex were activated both when the monkey performed goal-directed hand movements (grasping, holding, and snatching) and when the monkey observed specific hand movements performed by the experimenters. . (Pellegrino et al., 1992). In the inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortex of a monkey, it is estimated that about 10% of neurons have “mirror” properties. Subsequent studies have found that many of these mirror neurons also fire not only when performing a specific action but also when feeling the relevant action. sound. For example, neurons responded to the sight and sound of a tearing paper, even when the associated sound was made out of sight of the monkey (Kohler, et al., 2002). For these types of studies, specific neurons were recorded using microelectrodes inserted into the dura mater of the monkey's brain. Of course, performing similar experiments on humans isn't really possible and so most of the evidence for human mirror neurons is indirect. However, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers found…many scientists have vehemently opposed mirror neurons in both their existence and role in humans and monkeys. For example, an Oxford researcher argues that the mirror neuron system is not an evolutionary adaptation for action understanding, but a byproduct of social interaction (Heyes, 2009). A neurophilosopher, Patricia Churchland, expresses concern about the role of mirror neuron function. Explain that intentions are more than recordings of individual neurons. Intentions, he argues, are at a much more complex level of neural activity (Churchland, 2011). Taking into account the many doubts associated with the mirror neuron system, the importance of mirror neurons should not be overestimated and caution should be exercised. At the same time, mirror neuron research related to empathy, understanding intentions, and autism should not be overlooked..