How does the development of technology affect our society and social groups? How are our views on the development of technology wrong? In 1993, Langdon Winner decided to affirm the significance of these questions when he published Upon Opening the Black Box and Finding It Empty: Social Constructivism and the Philosophy of Technology. At the same time he validly criticizes the gaps in the considerations of social constructivists and calls for new research on ethics and morality on the effects of technological development. It is influenced by the writings of the sociology of science faculty, as their methodology is the basis of social constructivism, the concept that criticism is focused (Collins, 1983). Furthermore, Winner's article will have influence in future writings considering the ethics of technological development. This article itself can be seen as a stepping stone or pivotal point in considering the morality of technological developments and the effects on society or social groups. Winner's assessment of social constructivism praises theorists for opening the “black box” of technological development, but criticizes them in a way that opens up a new field of ethical and moral consideration regarding technological development (Winner, 1993). the text on Winner is The Sociology of Scientific Knowledge by HM Collins. Langdon Winner's article is a critique of social constructivism, which follows the methodology and guidelines of the sociology of science (Winner, 1993). It follows that Collins' article influences this article directly and indirectly. Collins discusses at length the differences between the sociology of scientific knowledge and the sociology of science, as well as the levels of criticism of both… half of the article… directions in the sociology and history of technology. MIT Press.Collins, H. M. (1983). The sociology of scientific knowledge: studies on contemporary science. Annual Review of Sociology, 265-285. Magee, R. G., & Kalyanaraman, S. (2010). The perceived moral qualities of websites: Implications for persuasion processes in human-computer interaction. Ethics and Information Technology, 12(2), 109-125.Keulartz, J., Schermer, M., Korthals, M., & Swierstra, T. (2004). Ethics in technological culture: a programmatic proposal for a pragmatic approach. Science, Technology and Human Values, 29(1), 3-29.Williams, R., & Edge, D. (1996). The social formation of technology. Research Policy, 25(6), 865-899.Winner, L. (1993). Opening the black box and finding it empty: social constructivism and the philosophy of technology. Science, technology and human values, 362-378.
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