How do the group of fish in Finding Nemo coordinate their movements to smoothly create various shapes with minimal communication? All of these movements contribute to what is called collective movement, yet the mystery behind the origins and reasons for collective behavior in groups of fish has baffled many. Fish were traditionally thought to be leaderless, but they tended to remain in groups; or a desk or a school. Although they have different meanings, today they are used interchangeably. A school is a group that stays together for social reasons, while a school is a group that demonstrates multiple, rather complex behavioral patterns. Therefore, any group of fish is a school, but not all schools are schools (“Shoaling Behavior in Fish,” 2014). The reasons behind these groups of fish can be attributed to increased protection against predators, increased foraging success, increased chances of finding a mate, increased probability of reaching a certain destination, and to the increase in hydrodynamic movement. Leaders are either whoever is in front at the time or an established leader with a natural tendency to be bold and make decisions on behalf of the group, despite social differences. This last form of leadership is the one shown in Finding Nemo when only one "voice" tells the rest of the fish to create the formations. The evolutionary history of fish groups has allowed for a divergence in forms of leadership from these two distinct, highly situation-dependent forms. The more effective of the two leaderships is that with an established leader because they tend to be more knowledgeable about the location of sources (Couzin, Krause, Franks, & Levin, 2004). Despite the type of leadership... middle of paper...... Krause, J., Hoare, D., Krause, S., Hemelrijk, C. K., & Rubenstein, D. I. (2000). Leadership in fish schools. Fish and Fisheries, 1(1), 82-89. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2000.tb00001.x5. Nakayama, S. (2013, August 28). Leaders are born, not made, a study on fish reveals. Retrieved April 20, 2014, from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/leaders-are-born-not-made-fish-study-finds/6. Nakayama, S., Harcourt, J. L., Johnstone, R. A., & Manica, A. (2012). Initiative, personality and leadership in foraging fish pairs [Abstract]. PLoS ONE, 7(5). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.00366067. Schooling behavior in fish. (2014). Retrieved April 22, 2014, from http://www.sju.edu/int/academics/cas/biology/resources/biodiversity/fishcam/shoaling.html8. Vugt, M. V., Ahuja, A., & Vugt, M. V. (2011). Naturally Selected: The Evolutionary Science of Leadership. New York: Harper Business.