1.1 INTRODUCTION Organizational culture is a key issue in any organization, according to Mats (2012), it is central to all dimensions of an organization. Culture focuses on the values, beliefs, and expectations that members of the organization come to share (Joanne, 2002). Company culture gets attention in most cases; however, there is a lack of deeper understanding of how the organization works in terms of culture (Mats 2012). Schein (1985) suggested a vision of culture on three levels, from the superficial to the deeper. The three levels were Artifacts (which is the most visible part of the organization's culture), Values (high level of awareness), and finally Assumptions (the part of the culture that is most ignored). Schein (2010), further explained culture as a basic model that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the current way of perceiving, thinking, and feeling in relation to these issues. Furthermore, Culture is difficult to explain precisely because it develops over a period of time, which impacts the behaviors and actions of individuals and groups (Mullins and Laurie 2013). There are different visions of culture; however, the two main ones are the managerial vision and that of the social sciences (Pia 2013). The managerial vision sees culture as an object; they see culture as a management tool, which can be manipulated to achieve results. While social sciences see culture as a metaphor; which is an awareness of the diversity of cultural assumptions and values underlying different behaviors. Mullins and Laurie (2013) explained that organizational culture is formed based on factors such as the history behind the company's creation, primary function and technology, leadership, environment, and strategies. The report exploded...... middle of paper ... ...like Apple employees. Given the pervasiveness of organizational influence, there are many reasons to care about how and why organizations work. The value of organizational behavior is that it isolates important aspects of our daily interactions with people and offers specific perspectives on the interrelatedness of human context: people as organizations (like Apple Inc. in this case), people as resources, and people as people. .Moreover, all of this leads to the ultimate goal of increased productivity; make people perform to their maximum potential and reward workers for performance. There is an overall increase in the need for effective leadership in organizations today. In order to better motivate, lead and direct teams of employees, leaders require specific skills and expertise in behavioral studies to change their environment and the organization as a whole.
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