During the 19th century, France experienced many changes that affected its society in many profound ways. Industrialization transformed France's economy from a predominantly agricultural economy to a predominantly industrial economy. Politically, the revolution of 1848 finally deposed the monarchy, replacing it with a new republic, which in turn would be replaced by a new empire led by a descendant of Napoleon Bonaparte. Culturally, the rise of Louis Napoleon led to the reconstruction of Paris as a thoroughly modern city, and artists moved from classical forms and subjects to increasingly experimental subjects and forms, including the depiction of the bourgeoisie and working class and the depiction of images unclearly. way with varied brushstrokes and less detail than previously expected. The development of these new forms and subjects was primarily due to the situation in France during the nineteenth century, as artists worked to show their understanding and hopes for the future of the French state, as well as the world as a whole. Many painters, therefore, used these new forms and subjects to depict 19th-century life, ranging from political beliefs and ideas to economic concerns and problems, to everyday life, to explain that 19th-century French society was hypocritical in its belief that France was “progressing” over the course of the century. In fact, the French painters suggested that France still had major problems to overcome related to the new developments of the nineteenth century. Gustave Courbet's The Painter's Study is a work of art that marked the rise of a new form and new subjects for art in France. Linda Nochlin, in “The Politics of Vision,” describes Courbet as a soldier… means of paper… depicts peasant life in France and Europe through the nineteenth century, showing it as unchanging from birth to birth. death, also showing the attrition of the number of farmers over time. This attrition could be explained by a number of circumstances, including becoming industrial workers, fighting and dying in nineteenth-century wars, or simply moving away from the area and group of people they had been with in their youth due to the new ease . of transport, namely the railway. Analyzing the work of nineteenth-century artists, one can understand that artists attempted to portray life in France as progressive, but restrained by classical thinking and opinions, not only in art, but also in society. Works Cited Nochlin, Linda. The Politics of Vision: Essays on Nineteenth-Century Art and Society. Boulder, CO, Westview Press. 1989.