Topic > Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Psychological Analysis - 1498

“Man is not truly one, but truly two”. Stevenson's short story, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, addresses late Victorian anxieties and theories regarding psychology. Gall's theories of lateralization, as well as hints of psychoanalysis, were beginning to emerge, bringing their influence into the literature. The intrapsychic processes of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde illustrate a clear duality of personality throughout the tale, which was an evolving thought in the study of psychology at the time. The paired aspects of the self are represented through the narrative of actions and the description of characters, and exist in the narrative to exemplify the ruined and non-equipotent nature of humanity as a whole. Dr. Jekyll embodies the caricature of a highly respected localizationist theory, a precursor to the psychological theories of the time, focused on "how mental activities (or cognitive processes) are organized in the brain" (Zola-Morgan 360). It has been suggested that “each cerebral hemisphere might house a separate personality,…a separate soul” (Stiles 882). From the perspective of late Victorian psychology, it has often been proposed that the two cerebral hemispheres had “contrasting desires and moral inclinations” (Stiles 882) as well as contrasting abilities. Henry Jekyll is a highly respected doctor with a “large handsome face” with “every mark of ability and kindness” (Stevenson 46, 45). On the other hand, Edward Hyde is described by multiple characters as “something unpleasant, absolutely detestable, . . . [giving] a strong sense of deformity” (Stevenson 37). Following the trends of Victorian psychology of the time, such as the emergence of evolutionary psychology, Hyde can be interpreted as a less developed, premature and primitive form of Jekyll. His “dark pallor and…dark growth of hair” (Stevenson 82) are reminiscent of the cliché Neanderthal figure. As Stiles proposes, Jekyll embodies “the pinnacle of evolution, … [but] Hyde approaches his nadir” (884). Hyde's appearance, as well as his actions, are nowhere near as refined or cultured as Jekyll's, representing an immature version of altruism. Stevenson suggests Hyde's left-handedness in the "strange straight hand" of his letter, differing only from Jekyll's handwriting. in his “differently inclined” style (52, 54). Their writing is considered remarkably similar despite the difference in slope and angles. It is here that Stevenson describes the “singular resemblance” (54) between Jekyll and Hyde, suggesting that they may not be as separate as they might seem. The two facets of Jekyll ultimately have their differences in appearance and impulsiveness, but they are much more tied together in their essence than one might think. Both figures are aware of each other when in their respective states. In his final moments, although he is essentially Hyde in that moment, Jekyll can still realize that these are the last moments he can "think his own thoughts or see his own face" (Stevenson 89). This awareness of the other character within oneself emphasizes that the two are actually simply divergent aspects of one entity. Stevenson has constructed each character in such a polarized way that it is difficult to see them as arising from the same seed. Stevenson addresses the internal struggle that humanity faces regarding its desires and the gratification of said desires: “All human beings are mixed of good and evil, and Edward Hyde, alone among the ranks of humanity, was pure